:root {
  --bg: #0a0b0f;
  --panel: #11131a;
  --line: #262a36;
  --text: #e8ebf2;
  --muted: #a8afbf;
  --accent: #f5f7ff;
  --accent-dark: #0a0b0f;
  --scroll-p: 0;
  --beam-p: 0;
  --beam2-p: 0;
  --split-p: 0.34;
  --diff-p: 0;
  --diff-alpha: 0;
  --grating-arrival: 0;
  --section-boost: 0.25;
  --branch-x: 82vw;
  --branch-y: 34vh;
  --beam-source-x: 1.6vw;
  --beam-source-y: 9.4vh;
  --beam-angle: 24deg;
  --return-angle: 122deg;
  --return-thickness: 3.5px;
  --diff-h: 126px;
  --disp-h: 230px;
  --beam-max: 66vw;
  --beam2-max: 52vw;
  --diff-max: 84vw;
  --disp-max: 70vw;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html,
body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 10% 0%, #1b2233 0%, var(--bg) 38%);
  color: var(--text);
  font-family: Manrope, "Noto Sans KR", sans-serif;
}

body {
  min-height: 100vh;
  position: relative;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

html.modal-open,
body.modal-open {
  overflow: hidden;
}

body::before {
  content: "";
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  background:
    linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(155, 176, 232, 0.09), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 38%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 82% 18%, rgba(170, 192, 255, 0.1), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 42%),
    repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.026) 0, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.026) 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 42px),
    repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.024) 0, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.024) 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 42px);
  z-index: -2;
}

body::after {
  content: "";
  position: fixed;
  inset: -20%;
  pointer-events: none;
  background:
    conic-gradient(from 180deg at 75% 15%, rgba(125, 153, 224, 0.14) 0deg, rgba(125, 153, 224, 0) 120deg, rgba(125, 153, 224, 0) 360deg),
    conic-gradient(from 90deg at 20% 82%, rgba(112, 137, 205, 0.12) 0deg, rgba(112, 137, 205, 0) 120deg, rgba(112, 137, 205, 0) 360deg);
  mix-blend-mode: screen;
  opacity: 0.36;
  z-index: -1;
}

.spectral-fx {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.spectral-path {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
}

.spectral-beam {
  position: absolute;
  left: var(--beam-source-x);
  top: var(--beam-source-y);
  width: calc(var(--beam-p) * var(--beam-max));
  height: 3.5px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 0%, rgba(213, 226, 255, 0.18) 46%, rgba(249, 252, 255, 0.96) 92%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) 100%);
  box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.56), 0 0 24px rgba(204, 223, 255, 0.42);
  opacity: calc(0.2 + var(--section-boost) * 0.3);
  transform: rotate(var(--beam-angle));
  transform-origin: left center;
}

.spectral-beam::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: -10px;
  top: 50%;
  width: 14px;
  height: 14px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98) 0%, rgba(230, 240, 255, 0.7) 56%, rgba(230, 240, 255, 0) 100%);
  box-shadow: 0 0 18px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
}

.spectral-grating {
  position: absolute;
  left: var(--branch-x);
  top: var(--branch-y);
  width: 42px;
  height: 14px;
  border-radius: 3px;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(-31deg);
  background: linear-gradient(
    128deg,
    rgba(80, 95, 126, 0.28) 0%,
    rgba(191, 208, 238, 0.75) 18%,
    rgba(246, 251, 255, 0.96) 44%,
    rgba(145, 165, 207, 0.78) 64%,
    rgba(45, 58, 86, 0.4) 100%
  );
  border: 1px solid rgba(220, 235, 255, calc(0.22 + var(--grating-arrival) * 0.62));
  box-shadow:
    0 0 8px rgba(183, 207, 255, calc(0.12 + var(--grating-arrival) * 0.42)),
    0 0 26px rgba(172, 203, 255, calc(0 + var(--grating-arrival) * 0.55));
  opacity: calc(0.03 + var(--grating-arrival) * 0.94);
}

.spectral-grating::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 5px;
  right: 5px;
  top: 2px;
  height: 1px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.94), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0));
  opacity: calc(0.1 + var(--grating-arrival) * 0.9);
}

.spectral-grating::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: -10px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 50% 50%, rgba(210, 227, 255, calc(0.24 + var(--grating-arrival) * 0.42)), rgba(210, 227, 255, 0) 72%);
  opacity: calc(var(--grating-arrival) * 0.82);
  filter: blur(2px);
}

.spectral-return {
  position: absolute;
  left: var(--branch-x);
  top: var(--branch-y);
  width: calc(var(--beam2-p) * var(--beam2-max));
  height: var(--return-thickness);
  transform: rotate(var(--return-angle));
  transform-origin: left center;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 0%, rgba(216, 230, 255, 0.22) 48%, rgba(250, 252, 255, 0.96) 92%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) 100%);
  box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.54), 0 0 24px rgba(204, 223, 255, 0.38);
  opacity: calc(0.18 + var(--section-boost) * 0.27);
}

.spectral-diffraction {
  position: absolute;
  left: var(--branch-x);
  top: calc(var(--branch-y) - (var(--diff-h) / 2) + (var(--return-thickness) / 2));
  width: calc(var(--diff-p) * var(--diff-max));
  height: var(--diff-h);
  transform: rotate(var(--return-angle));
  transform-origin: left center;
  opacity: calc(var(--diff-alpha) * (0.38 + var(--section-boost) * 0.32));
  background: linear-gradient(
    180deg,
    rgba(255, 72, 72, 0.76) 0%,
    rgba(255, 161, 78, 0.73) 18%,
    rgba(255, 228, 104, 0.7) 34%,
    rgba(123, 229, 116, 0.66) 50%,
    rgba(91, 211, 255, 0.64) 66%,
    rgba(98, 137, 255, 0.66) 82%,
    rgba(173, 117, 255, 0.72) 100%
  );
  border-radius: 999px;
  filter: blur(6px) saturate(1.18);
  mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.95) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.82) 58%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.64) 78%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26) 94%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%);
  -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.95) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.82) 58%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.64) 78%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26) 94%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%);
}

.spectral-dispersion {
  position: absolute;
  left: var(--branch-x);
  top: calc(var(--branch-y) - (var(--disp-h) / 2) + (var(--return-thickness) / 2));
  width: calc(var(--diff-p) * var(--disp-max));
  height: var(--disp-h);
  transform: rotate(var(--return-angle));
  transform-origin: left center;
  clip-path: polygon(0 50%, 100% 0, 100% 100%, 0 50%);
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 0%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.21) 16%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) 100%);
  filter: blur(12px);
  opacity: calc(var(--diff-alpha) * 0.52);
}

.spectral-peaks {
  position: absolute;
  left: -8%;
  bottom: -5%;
  width: 116%;
  height: 40%;
  opacity: calc(0.12 + var(--section-boost) * 0.14);
  transform: translateX(calc(var(--scroll-p) * -2.8%));
}

.spectral-peaks path {
  fill: none;
  stroke-width: 1.5;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  filter: drop-shadow(0 0 5px rgba(173, 201, 255, 0.32));
}

.spectral-peaks path:nth-child(1) {
  stroke: rgba(166, 193, 255, 0.52);
}

.spectral-peaks path:nth-child(2) {
  stroke: rgba(116, 232, 215, 0.4);
}

.spectral-peaks path:nth-child(3) {
  stroke: rgba(250, 185, 106, 0.4);
}

main,
.site-footer {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 20;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  padding: 1rem 2rem;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(24, 30, 45, 0.72), rgba(10, 11, 15, 0.72)), rgba(10, 11, 15, 0.7);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
}

.brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.8rem;
}

.brand-logo {
  width: 28px;
  height: 28px;
  object-fit: contain;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.brand-mark {
  font-family: "Space Grotesk", sans-serif;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
  padding: 0.4rem 0.55rem;
}

.brand-lines {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.1rem;
}

.brand-main {
  color: #dbe5ff;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  line-height: 1.1;
}

.brand-sub {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  line-height: 1.1;
}

.nav {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1.3rem;
}

.nav a {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--muted);
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.header-actions {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.6rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.header-cta {
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
  padding: 0.55rem 1rem;
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.header-intern-btn {
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #e8a838 0%, #f0c060 100%);
  color: #1a0e00;
  border: none;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  transition: opacity 160ms ease, transform 160ms ease;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.header-intern-btn:hover {
  opacity: 0.88;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.admin-fab {
  position: fixed;
  right: 1.2rem;
  bottom: 1.2rem;
  z-index: 35;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-width: 84px;
  height: 2.35rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(214, 226, 255, 0.44);
  background: rgba(225, 236, 255, 0.92);
  color: #0f1e3a;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 26px rgba(7, 13, 26, 0.35);
  transition: transform 180ms ease, box-shadow 180ms ease, background-color 180ms ease;
}

.back-to-top {
  position: fixed;
  right: 1.2rem;
  bottom: 4rem;
  z-index: 36;
  display: none;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-width: 64px;
  height: 2.2rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(214, 226, 255, 0.44);
  background: rgba(20, 40, 80, 0.88);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  cursor: pointer;
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(7, 13, 26, 0.35);
  transition: transform 180ms ease, opacity 180ms ease;
}
.back-to-top.visible {
  display: inline-flex;
}
.back-to-top:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.admin-fab:hover,
.admin-fab:focus-visible {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  background: #ffffff;
  box-shadow: 0 14px 30px rgba(7, 13, 26, 0.45);
}

/* Scroll offset for sticky header */
#research, #professor, #publications, #contact, #members, #gallery {
  scroll-margin-top: 80px;
}

.section {
  width: min(1240px, 92%);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 4.5rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  position: relative;
}

.section::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.012), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(188, 208, 255, 0.03), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 25%);
  z-index: -1;
}

.hero {
  min-height: calc(86vh - 72px);
  display: grid;
  align-content: center;
}

.eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 1.2rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.76rem;
}

h1,
h2,
h3 {
  margin: 0;
}

h1 {
  font-family: "Space Grotesk", sans-serif;
  font-size: clamp(2.3rem, 7.2vw, 6.4rem);
  line-height: 0.93;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  max-width: 15ch;
}

h2 {
  font-family: "Space Grotesk", sans-serif;
  font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 4.5vw, 3.2rem);
  line-height: 1;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.hero-copy {
  margin: 1.5rem 0 0;
  max-width: 56ch;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.hero-actions {
  margin-top: 2rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.8rem;
}

.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 2.8rem;
  padding: 0.25rem 1.05rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.btn-primary {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: var(--accent-dark);
}

.btn-ghost {
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
  color: var(--text);
}

.btn-contrast {
  border: 1px solid rgba(218, 230, 255, 0.95);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f9fbff 0%, #ebf1ff 100%);
  color: #10182b;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(13, 23, 45, 0.24);
}

.btn-contrast:hover {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-color: #ffffff;
}

.split {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 1fr;
  gap: 2.5rem;
}

.split p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.9;
}

.section-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: end;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
}

.research-cards {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0;
  align-items: stretch;
  border-radius: 1.2rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
  min-height: 700px;
  height: auto;
  position: relative;
}

.research-card {
  flex: 1 1 0;
  min-width: 0;
  min-height: 700px;
  height: auto;
  padding: 2rem 1.5rem 1.5rem;
  border-right: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  transition: flex-grow 380ms cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.72, 0, 1), box-shadow 240ms ease, border-color 240ms ease, filter 240ms ease;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows: auto auto 1fr auto;
  gap: 1.1rem;
  isolation: isolate;
  filter: saturate(0.9) brightness(0.88);
}

.research-card:last-child {
  border-right: 0;
}

.research-card:hover {
  border-color: rgba(177, 202, 255, 0.48);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(177, 202, 255, 0.2);
}

.research-card.is-active {
  filter: saturate(1) brightness(1);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
}

.rc-1 {
  background: #0a0b11;
}

.rc-2 {
  background: #152640;
  color: #d4e8ff;
}

.rc-3 {
  background: #1a1228;
  color: #e2d8f5;
}

.rc-4 {
  background: #d7d7d9;
  color: #13151a;
}

.rc-5 {
  background: #8b9aac;
  color: #111924;
}

/* Image inside expanded research card */
.rc-img-wrap {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto !important;
  min-height: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  opacity: 0.5;
  transition: opacity 300ms ease;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.rc-img-wrap img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.research-card.is-active .rc-img-wrap {
  opacity: 0.9;
}

.card-hint {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: rgba(177, 202, 255, 0.6);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  padding-top: 0.6rem;
}

.research-card {
  cursor: pointer;
}

.card-no {
  margin: 0;
  justify-self: center;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  opacity: 0.9;
  font-family: "Space Grotesk", sans-serif;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-align: center;
}

.research-card h3 {
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 2.2vw, 2.4rem);
  margin: 0;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  line-height: 1.1;
  text-align: center;
}

.research-card p {
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.46;
  text-align: left;
}

.card-kor {
  min-height: 5.2em;
  font-size: 0.93rem;
  line-height: 1.56;
  color: rgba(230, 236, 250, 0.9);
}

.research-pattern {
  width: 100%;
  height: 300px;
  align-self: center;
  opacity: 0.62;
  transition: opacity 240ms ease, transform 420ms cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.7, 0.1, 1);
}

.card-copy {
  min-height: 5.4em;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: rgba(220, 230, 250, 0.9);
}

.card-tags {
  font-size: 0.77rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: rgba(188, 204, 236, 0.88);
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
  padding-top: 0.5rem;
}

.research-card.is-active .research-pattern {
  opacity: 0.82;
  transform: scale(1.02);
}

/* Research Cards V2 (3-card layout) */
.research-cards-3 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 1.5rem;
  min-height: unset;
  border: none;
  overflow: visible;
  border-radius: 0;
}

.research-card-v2 {
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
  border-radius: 1rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: border-color 240ms ease, box-shadow 240ms ease, transform 200ms ease;
  background: rgba(14, 17, 28, 0.7);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.research-card-v2:hover,
.research-card-v2:focus-visible {
  border-color: rgba(177, 202, 255, 0.5);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(100, 140, 255, 0.12);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  outline: none;
}

.rc2-img-wrap {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: rgba(10, 12, 20, 0.6);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.rc2-img-wrap img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  opacity: 0.85;
  transition: opacity 240ms ease, transform 360ms ease;
}

.research-card-v2:hover .rc2-img-wrap img {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: scale(1.04);
}

.rc2-body {
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem 1.5rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  flex: 1;
}

.rc2-body .card-no {
  justify-self: unset;
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  opacity: 0.6;
}

.research-card-v2 h3 {
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.6vw, 1.25rem);
  line-height: 1.3;
  margin: 0;
  text-transform: none;
  min-height: unset;
  display: block;
  text-align: left;
}

.rc2-hint {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  color: rgba(177, 202, 255, 0.7);
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 0.75rem;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}

/* Research Modal */
.rc-modal-img {
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: 8px;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  object-fit: contain;
  background: #fff;
  display: block;
}

.rc-modal-desc {
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  margin-top: 1.4rem;
  padding-top: 1.2rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.8rem;
}

.research-modal .research-modal-body {
  padding: 0 1.5rem 1.5rem;
  overflow-y: auto;
  max-height: 65vh;
}

.rc-modal-kor {
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.75;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.rc-modal-eng {
  color: rgba(200, 215, 245, 0.8);
  line-height: 1.7;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.rc-modal-topics {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: rgba(177, 202, 255, 0.8);
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(177, 202, 255, 0.2);
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .research-cards-3 {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

.p-grid {
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95) 2px, transparent 3px) 0 0 / 20px 20px,
    linear-gradient(130deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 30%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2) 46%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 63%);
}

.p-wave {
  background:
    repeating-radial-gradient(ellipse at 15% 65%, rgba(18, 28, 34, 0.5) 0 1px, transparent 1px 10px),
    radial-gradient(circle at 70% 20%, rgba(17, 28, 39, 0.35), transparent 70%);
}

.p-ray {
  background: repeating-conic-gradient(from -20deg at 50% 50%, rgba(34, 24, 18, 0.58) 0deg 1.5deg, transparent 1.5deg 9deg);
}

.p-loop {
  background:
    repeating-radial-gradient(circle at 55% 50%, rgba(23, 24, 27, 0.46) 0 1px, transparent 1px 9px),
    radial-gradient(circle at 52% 52%, rgba(17, 18, 22, 0.2), transparent 65%);
}

.p-lattice {
  background:
    repeating-linear-gradient(60deg, rgba(19, 26, 37, 0.48) 0 2px, transparent 2px 13px),
    repeating-linear-gradient(-60deg, rgba(19, 26, 37, 0.48) 0 2px, transparent 2px 13px);
}

.rc-1 h3 {
  color: #f3f6ff;
}

.rc-1 .card-kor,
.rc-1 .card-copy,
.rc-1 .card-tags,
.rc-1 .card-no {
  color: rgba(236, 242, 255, 0.86);
}

.rc-4 h3,
.rc-5 h3 {
  color: rgba(12, 15, 20, 0.92);
}

.rc-2 h3 {
  color: #d4e8ff;
}

.rc-3 h3 {
  color: #e2d8f5;
}

.rc-2 .card-kor,
.rc-2 .card-copy,
.rc-2 .card-tags,
.rc-2 .card-no,
.rc-2 .card-hint {
  color: rgba(190, 220, 255, 0.85);
}

.rc-3 .card-kor,
.rc-3 .card-copy,
.rc-3 .card-tags,
.rc-3 .card-no,
.rc-3 .card-hint {
  color: rgba(220, 210, 250, 0.85);
}

.rc-4 .card-kor,
.rc-4 .card-copy,
.rc-4 .card-tags,
.rc-4 .card-no,
.rc-5 .card-kor,
.rc-5 .card-copy,
.rc-5 .card-tags,
.rc-5 .card-no {
  color: rgba(17, 21, 29, 0.88);
}

.pub-board {
  border-top: 2px solid #7f89a6;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.01);
}

.recent-pub-carousel {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 0.7rem;
  align-items: center;
}

.recent-pub-nav {
  width: 2.5rem;
  height: 2.5rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(200, 216, 255, 0.5);
  background: rgba(22, 33, 58, 0.8);
  color: #f3f7ff;
  border-radius: 999px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: transform 140ms ease, background 140ms ease, border-color 140ms ease;
}

.recent-pub-nav:hover {
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  border-color: rgba(228, 238, 255, 0.92);
  background: rgba(47, 74, 125, 0.92);
}

.recent-pub-nav:disabled {
  opacity: 0.4;
  cursor: default;
  transform: none;
}

.recent-pub-viewport {
  overflow-x: auto;
  scrollbar-width: none;
  scroll-snap-type: x mandatory;
}

.recent-pub-viewport::-webkit-scrollbar {
  display: none;
}

.recent-pub-track {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.recent-pub-card {
  flex: 0 0 calc((100% - 2rem) / 3);
  min-width: 260px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(176, 193, 229, 0.2);
  border-radius: 0.95rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  overflow: hidden;
  scroll-snap-align: start;
}

.recent-pub-card.is-loading {
  min-height: 210px;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
}

.recent-pub-figure {
  margin: 0;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 10;
  background: rgba(8, 13, 24, 0.48);
}

.recent-pub-figure img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

.recent-pub-body {
  padding: 0.8rem 0.85rem 0.95rem;
}

.recent-pub-title {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.97rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.recent-pub-meta {
  margin: 0.45rem 0 0;
  color: #b8c4e0;
  font-size: 0.86rem;
}

.pub-head {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 84px 1fr;
  min-height: 44px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: #c8d0e6;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.col-no {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.col-title {
  padding: 0 0.95rem;
  display: grid;
  align-items: center;
}

.pub-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 84px 1fr;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.pub-row:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.pub-no {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: #9fa9c3;
  font-family: "Space Grotesk", sans-serif;
}

.pub-body {
  padding: 0.95rem;
}

.pub-body h3 {
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  margin: 0 0 0.35rem;
}

.publication-journal {
  margin: 0;
  color: #b5bfd8;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.publication-authors {
  margin: 0.2rem 0 0;
  color: #909bb7;
  font-size: 0.86rem;
}

.pub-legacy-frame-wrap {
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02);
  min-height: 70vh;
}

.pub-legacy-frame-wrap iframe {
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 70vh;
  border: 0;
  display: block;
  background: transparent;
}

.pub-years {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
}

.pub-year-btn {
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02);
  color: #cfd8ed;
  min-height: 2.1rem;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.7rem;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.pub-year-btn.is-active {
  background: #dfe7fa;
  color: #111720;
  border-color: #dfe7fa;
}

.pub-catalog {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.pub-entry {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 64px 1fr;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 1.15rem 0.75rem 1.25rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  align-items: start;
}

.pub-entry-no {
  font-family: "Space Grotesk", sans-serif;
  color: #93a1bf;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  text-align: center;
  padding-top: 0.2rem;
}

.pub-title-row {
  margin-top: 0.72rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 0.55rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.pub-entry-title {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1.14rem;
  line-height: 1.52;
  flex: 1 1 420px;
  min-width: 0;
}

.pub-entry-journal {
  margin: 0;
  color: #c1cbe4;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.48;
}

.pub-journal-row {
  margin-top: 0.42rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.pub-entry-metrics {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  margin-left: 0.1rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.metric-chip {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  border: 1px solid rgba(187, 204, 240, 0.38);
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 0.14rem 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.metric-citation {
  color: #e6eefc;
  background: rgba(121, 163, 255, 0.14);
}

.metric-quartile {
  color: #fff3d0;
  background: rgba(224, 170, 68, 0.18);
}

.metric-category {
  color: #ddecff;
  background: rgba(100, 144, 235, 0.16);
}

.metric-percentile {
  color: #f2f8ff;
  background: rgba(123, 166, 255, 0.2);
}

.metric-index {
  color: #dcffe8;
  background: rgba(78, 166, 112, 0.2);
}

.pub-entry-authors {
  margin: 0.5rem 0 0;
  color: #9ca9c7;
  font-size: 0.99rem;
  line-height: 1.62;
}

.pub-entry-actions {
  margin-top: 0.7rem;
}

.pub-entry-link {
  border: 1px solid rgba(222, 232, 255, 0.95);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f8fbff 0%, #e9f1ff 100%);
  color: #111a2e;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.55rem;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  white-space: nowrap;
  align-self: flex-start;
  text-decoration: none;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(8, 14, 28, 0.18);
  transition: background 140ms ease, color 140ms ease, border-color 140ms ease, box-shadow 140ms ease;
}

.pub-title-row .pub-entry-link {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
}

.pub-entry-link:hover {
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.24);
  background: transparent;
  color: #e6eefc;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.pub-entry-media {
  margin: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 0.6rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 26px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24);
}

.pub-entry-media img {
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 190px;
  max-height: 320px;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: center;
  display: block;
  background: rgba(8, 14, 28, 0.8);
}

.author-sep {
  color: #8e9ab9;
}

.author-chip {
  border: 1px solid rgba(171, 191, 236, 0.45);
  background: rgba(138, 164, 228, 0.12);
  color: #e4ecff;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  padding: 0.08rem 0.5rem 0.12rem;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.author-chip:hover {
  background: rgba(168, 196, 255, 0.2);
}

.author-modal {
  width: min(860px, 92vw);
  max-height: 88vh;
  border: 1px solid rgba(155, 177, 231, 0.32);
  border-radius: 0.9rem;
  background: #0f1320;
  color: var(--text);
  padding: 0;
  overflow-y: auto;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
}

.author-modal::backdrop {
  background: rgba(2, 6, 14, 0.66);
  backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
}

.author-modal-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.8rem;
  padding: 0.85rem 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}

.author-modal-head h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}

.author-modal-head button {
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
  width: 2rem;
  height: 2rem;
  border-radius: 0.35rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
  color: #dbe6ff;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.author-modal-body {
  padding: 1rem;
  overflow: auto;
  max-height: calc(78vh - 60px);
}

.author-modal-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 250px 1fr;
  min-height: 360px;
}

.author-profile {
  border-right: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  padding: 0.95rem 0.85rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02);
}

.author-photo-slot {
  border: 1px dashed rgba(173, 192, 235, 0.5);
  border-radius: 0.6rem;
  width: min(100%, 150px);
  min-height: 120px;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  color: #a8b9df;
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: rgba(10, 18, 36, 0.35);
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.author-photo {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 120px;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

.author-profile-name {
  margin: 0.6rem 0 0;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: #ecf2ff;
}

.author-profile-affil {
  margin: 0.3rem 0 0;
  color: #a9b8da;
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.author-profile-metrics {
  margin-top: 0.55rem;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.24rem;
}

.author-profile-metrics p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #d6e1fb;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
}

.author-paper-item {
  position: relative;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  border-radius: 0.7rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 2.2rem 0.85rem 0.85rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.72rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02);
}

.author-paper-item h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.author-paper-item p {
  margin: 0.45rem 0 0;
  color: #a8b5d6;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.author-paper-journal {
  margin: 0.48rem 0 0;
  color: #d9e5ff;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.author-paper-jump {
  position: absolute;
  right: 0.62rem;
  top: 0.56rem;
  width: 1.3rem;
  height: 1.3rem;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  border: 1px solid rgba(176, 197, 241, 0.55);
  border-radius: 0.35rem;
  color: transparent;
  background: rgba(44, 62, 100, 0.36);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 0;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: transform 140ms ease, background 140ms ease, border-color 140ms ease, box-shadow 140ms ease;
}

.author-paper-jump::before {
  content: "";
  width: 0.5rem;
  height: 0.5rem;
  border-top: 2px solid #dfeaff;
  border-right: 2px solid #dfeaff;
  transform: translate(-0.02rem, 0.02rem) rotate(45deg);
}

.author-paper-jump:hover {
  background: rgba(112, 154, 255, 0.35);
  border-color: rgba(211, 227, 255, 0.8);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(111, 153, 255, 0.22);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.author-paper-scholar {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 0.4rem;
  color: #9fc0ff;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.pub-entry.is-flash {
  animation: pubFlash 1.1s ease;
}

@keyframes pubFlash {
  0% {
    background: rgba(200, 218, 255, 0.18);
  }
  100% {
    background: transparent;
  }
}

.gallery-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
}

.gallery-grid figure {
  margin: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 0.9rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02);
}

.gallery-grid img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 225px;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

.gallery-grid figcaption {
  padding: 0.7rem 0.8rem;
  color: #cfd7ea;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.gallery-toolbar {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.65rem;
}

.gallery-toolbar-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.8rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.gallery-search {
  width: min(340px, 100%);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
  color: #eaf0ff;
  border-radius: 0.72rem;
  padding: 0.58rem 0.75rem;
  font: inherit;
}

.gallery-search:focus {
  outline: 2px solid rgba(164, 189, 255, 0.45);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

.gallery-pager {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.55rem;
}

.gallery-pager-bottom {
  justify-content: center;
  margin-top: 2rem;
  padding-bottom: 2rem;
}

.gallery-pager .btn-ghost {
  min-width: 4.8rem;
  background: rgba(12, 20, 42, 0.9);
  border-color: rgba(186, 208, 246, 0.36);
  color: #eaf0ff;
}

.gallery-pager .btn-ghost:hover:not(:disabled) {
  background: rgba(27, 40, 76, 0.96);
  border-color: rgba(206, 223, 255, 0.56);
}

.gallery-pager .btn-ghost:disabled {
  color: rgba(210, 224, 250, 0.5);
  border-color: rgba(175, 195, 235, 0.22);
  background: rgba(12, 20, 42, 0.55);
  cursor: not-allowed;
}

.gallery-grid-archive {
  margin-top: 0.6rem;
}

.gallery-card {
  margin: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 0.9rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: transform 180ms ease, border-color 180ms ease, box-shadow 180ms ease, background 180ms ease;
  position: relative;
}

.gallery-card:hover,
.gallery-card:focus-visible {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  border-color: rgba(166, 192, 255, 0.45);
  box-shadow: 0 18px 34px rgba(5, 10, 26, 0.45);
  outline: none;
}

.gallery-card-media {
  position: relative;
}

.gallery-card-main-image,
.gallery-card-sub-image {
  width: 100%;
  height: 240px;
  display: block;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center 40%;
}

.gallery-card-media-split {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr;
  gap: 2px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
}

.gallery-card-media-split .gallery-card-main-image,
.gallery-card-media-split .gallery-card-sub-image {
  height: 240px;
}

.gallery-card-media::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: auto 0 0 0;
  height: 42%;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0), rgba(5, 11, 27, 0.78));
  pointer-events: none;
}

.gallery-card figcaption {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.32rem;
  padding: 0.85rem 0.95rem;
}

.gallery-card figcaption strong {
  color: #f5f8ff;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.gallery-card figcaption span {
  color: #b9c6e6;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.gallery-card-index,
.gallery-card-count {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2;
  border: 1px solid rgba(188, 213, 255, 0.34);
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  color: #e9f0ff;
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  background: rgba(9, 20, 48, 0.56);
}

.gallery-card-index {
  top: 0.58rem;
  left: 0.58rem;
}

.gallery-card-count {
  right: 0.58rem;
  bottom: 0.58rem;
}

.gallery-modal-body {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0.85rem;
}

.gallery-modal-images {
  max-height: none;
  overflow: visible;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  padding-right: 0.25rem;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;
}

.gallery-modal-item {
  margin: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 0.9rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02);
}

.gallery-modal-item img {
  width: 100%;
  max-height: none;
  display: block;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: center center;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at center, rgba(70, 92, 140, 0.15), rgba(10, 16, 36, 0.8));
}

.gallery-modal-desc {
  margin: 0.3rem 0 0;
  color: #b7c4e4;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  max-width: min(92ch, 100%);
  white-space: pre-line;
}

.gallery-empty {
  border: 1px dashed rgba(180, 202, 246, 0.3);
  border-radius: 0.9rem;
  padding: 1rem;
  color: #c8d4ef;
  text-align: center;
  margin: 0;
}

.author-modal-foot {
  margin-top: 0.85rem;
}

.author-modal-foot .btn.is-disabled {
  pointer-events: none;
  opacity: 0.55;
}

.professor-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(220px, 300px) 1fr;
  gap: 1.2rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 1rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: linear-gradient(160deg, rgba(18, 23, 33, 0.94), rgba(10, 13, 19, 0.94));
}

.professor-card img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center top;
  min-height: 340px;
}

.professor-meta {
  padding: 1.1rem 1.2rem;
}

.professor-role {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #c5d1eb;
}

.professor-copy {
  margin: 0.75rem 0 0;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: #d7deef;
}

.professor-list {
  margin: 0.85rem 0 0;
  padding-left: 1.1rem;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  color: #b5c1db;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.professor-links {
  margin-top: 1rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.55rem;
}

.professor-metrics {
  margin-top: 0.9rem;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.55rem;
}

.prof-metric-card {
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);
  border-radius: 0.72rem;
  padding: 0.62rem 0.7rem;
  background: linear-gradient(165deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06), rgba(144, 169, 224, 0.08));
}

.prof-metric-value {
  margin: 0;
  color: #eef4ff;
  font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 2vw, 1.45rem);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.prof-metric-label {
  margin: 0.22rem 0 0;
  color: #b8c8ea;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.professor-links a {
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
  padding: 0.38rem 0.6rem;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: #dee7ff;
}

.members-section .section-head {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.member-carousel {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr auto;
  gap: 0.8rem;
  align-items: center;
}

.member-nav {
  width: 2.6rem;
  height: 2.6rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28);
  background: rgba(14, 18, 27, 0.8);
  color: #dfe6f7;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  line-height: 1;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background 180ms ease, border-color 180ms ease, color 180ms ease;
}

.member-nav:hover {
  background: rgba(32, 40, 57, 0.92);
  border-color: rgba(199, 219, 255, 0.6);
}

.member-nav:disabled {
  opacity: 0.35;
  cursor: default;
}

.member-viewport {
  overflow: auto;
  scrollbar-width: none;
  -ms-overflow-style: none;
  scroll-snap-type: x mandatory;
}

.member-viewport::-webkit-scrollbar {
  display: none;
}

.member-track {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 0.25rem;
}

.member-card {
  flex: 0 0 calc((100% - 5rem) / 6);
  min-width: 170px;
  border-radius: 1rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(22, 28, 40, 0.9), rgba(13, 18, 27, 0.92));
  border: 1px solid rgba(191, 208, 244, 0.2);
  scroll-snap-align: start;
  transition: transform 220ms ease, border-color 220ms ease, box-shadow 220ms ease, background 220ms ease;
  cursor: pointer;
  position: relative;
}

.member-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  border-color: rgba(196, 215, 255, 0.4);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(25, 33, 47, 0.92), rgba(14, 20, 30, 0.94));
}

.member-card::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0 0 42% 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(16, 24, 38, 0.18), rgba(16, 24, 38, 0));
  z-index: 1;
}

.member-card h3 {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0.66rem 0.72rem 0.08rem;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.member-card p {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0.72rem 0.72rem;
  font-size: 0.73rem;
  color: #b4c0d8;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}

.member-photo {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 7 / 8;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center 40%;
  display: block;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1f293e 0%, #30476d 100%);
  filter: grayscale(0.1) saturate(0.72) contrast(0.9) brightness(0.98);
  transition: filter 220ms ease, transform 220ms ease;
}

.member-card:hover .member-photo {
  filter: grayscale(0.04) saturate(0.86) contrast(0.95) brightness(1);
  transform: scale(1.008);
}

.alumni-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.85rem;
}

.alumni-item {
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  border-radius: 1rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(23, 29, 43, 0.9), rgba(14, 18, 27, 0.9));
  transition: transform 200ms ease, border-color 200ms ease, box-shadow 200ms ease;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.alumni-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  border-color: rgba(181, 206, 255, 0.45);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24);
}

.alumni-photo-wrap {
  width: 100%;
  height: clamp(160px, 14vw, 220px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  background: rgba(8, 12, 18, 0.7);
}

.alumni-photo {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: center center;
  display: block;
}

.alumni-meta {
  padding: 0.72rem 0.82rem 0.82rem;
}

.alumni-item h3 {
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  margin: 0;
  color: #e5ecfb;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.alumni-role {
  margin: 0.24rem 0 0;
  color: #98a9cb;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.alumni-career {
  margin: 0.34rem 0 0;
  color: #b8c6e4;
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.alumni-email {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 0.4rem;
  color: #a9c6ff;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  text-decoration: underline;
  word-break: break-all;
}

.alumni-email-empty {
  margin: 0.5rem 0 0;
  color: #8e9bb8;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.site-footer {
  width: min(1240px, 92%);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 4rem 0 5rem;
}

.site-footer p {
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.site-footer a {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 0.8rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  padding-bottom: 0.2rem;
}

.members-cta-wrap {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 3rem 0 1rem;
}

.members-view-btn {
  font-size: 1rem;
  padding: 0.9rem 2.5rem;
}

.contact-address-ko {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.contact-address-en {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.contact-tel {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
}

.reveal {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(16px);
  transition: opacity 520ms ease, transform 520ms ease;
}

.reveal.in {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.page-shell {
  width: min(1240px, 92%);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 3rem 0 4rem;
}

.page-shell h1 {
  font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 3.4vw, 3.5rem);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.page-shell .section-head {
  margin-bottom: 1.6rem;
}

.archive-title-single-line {
  max-width: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 4.2vw, 3.5rem);
}

.admin-shell {
  max-width: 1180px;
}

.admin-card {
  border: 1px solid rgba(180, 204, 250, 0.22);
  border-radius: 1rem;
  background: linear-gradient(160deg, rgba(14, 22, 45, 0.78), rgba(10, 16, 34, 0.84));
  padding: 1rem 1.1rem 1.15rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.admin-card h2,
.admin-card h3 {
  text-transform: none;
}

.admin-hidden {
  display: none !important;
}

.admin-head-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.admin-form-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
}

.admin-form-grid label {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  color: #cfdbf6;
  font-size: 0.89rem;
}

.admin-form-grid .admin-field-wide {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
}

.admin-form-grid label span {
  color: #cad5ef;
}

.admin-form-grid input,
.admin-form-grid textarea,
.admin-form-grid select {
  width: 100%;
  border: 1px solid rgba(180, 202, 246, 0.26);
  border-radius: 0.7rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04);
  color: #eef3ff;
  padding: 0.58rem 0.68rem;
  font: inherit;
}

.admin-form-grid textarea {
  resize: vertical;
  min-height: 86px;
}

.admin-form-grid button {
  align-self: end;
}

.admin-card .btn-primary,
.admin-card button.btn.btn-primary {
  background: #3b6af0;
  color: #fff;
  border: 1px solid #4a78ff;
}

.admin-card .btn-primary:hover,
.admin-card button.btn.btn-primary:hover {
  background: #2d58d6;
  border-color: #3b6af0;
}

.admin-card .btn-ghost {
  border-color: rgba(177, 202, 255, 0.4);
  color: #d0deff;
}

.admin-card .btn-ghost:hover {
  background: rgba(177, 202, 255, 0.12);
  border-color: rgba(177, 202, 255, 0.7);
  color: #fff;
}

.admin-member-tools {
  margin-top: 0.85rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.65rem;
}

.admin-notify-box {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(180, 202, 246, 0.2);
  border-radius: 0.8rem;
  padding: 0.75rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02);
}

.admin-member-tools label {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  color: #c5d1ea;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.admin-member-tools select {
  min-width: 170px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(180, 202, 246, 0.28);
  border-radius: 0.58rem;
  background: rgba(9, 13, 22, 0.7);
  color: #e2ebff;
  padding: 0.4rem 0.55rem;
}

.admin-tab-row {
  margin-top: 0.85rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.admin-tab {
  border: 1px solid rgba(180, 202, 246, 0.22);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  color: #dce6ff;
  padding: 0.42rem 0.9rem;
  font: inherit;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.admin-tab.is-active {
  background: rgba(221, 233, 255, 0.94);
  color: #142443;
  border-color: rgba(221, 233, 255, 0.94);
}

.admin-pane {
  display: none;
  margin-top: 0.9rem;
}

.admin-pane.is-active {
  display: block;
}

.admin-list {
  margin-top: 0.9rem;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.48rem;
}

.admin-list-item {
  border: 1px solid rgba(180, 202, 246, 0.2);
  border-radius: 0.8rem;
  padding: 0.62rem 0.72rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02);
}

.admin-list-item h4 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.admin-list-item p {
  margin: 0.28rem 0 0;
  color: #c5d1ea;
  font-size: 0.83rem;
}

.admin-intern-motivation.is-collapsed {
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 4;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.admin-member-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem 0.58rem;
}

.admin-track-tag {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(180, 202, 246, 0.34);
  padding: 0.1rem 0.48rem;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.admin-track-tag.is-current {
  background: rgba(88, 141, 255, 0.2);
  color: #eaf1ff;
}

.admin-track-tag.is-alumni {
  background: rgba(121, 199, 152, 0.2);
  color: #dffbe8;
}

.admin-track-tag.is-faculty {
  background: rgba(226, 181, 86, 0.22);
  color: #fff5db;
}

.admin-item-actions {
  margin-top: 0.55rem;
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.45rem;
}

.admin-mini-btn {
  min-height: 0;
  padding: 0.34rem 0.66rem;
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  border-radius: 0.55rem;
  background: rgba(177, 202, 255, 0.12);
  border-color: rgba(177, 202, 255, 0.45);
  color: #dce8ff;
}

.admin-mini-btn:hover,
.admin-mini-btn:focus-visible {
  background: rgba(177, 202, 255, 0.25);
  border-color: rgba(177, 202, 255, 0.7);
  color: #fff;
}

.admin-mini-danger {
  background: rgba(255, 100, 110, 0.1);
  color: #ffbec3;
  border-color: rgba(255, 163, 171, 0.5);
}

.admin-mini-danger:hover,
.admin-mini-danger:focus-visible {
  color: #210b0e;
  background: #ffbec3;
  border-color: #ffbec3;
}

.admin-status {
  margin-top: 0.35rem;
}

.admin-status[data-tone="ok"] {
  color: #9ff2b6;
}

.admin-status[data-tone="error"] {
  color: #ffb3b3;
}

@media (max-width: 1200px) {
  .research-cards {
    min-height: 560px;
  }

  .research-card {
    min-height: 560px;
    filter: saturate(1) brightness(1);
  }

  .research-card:last-child {
    border-right: 0;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  :root {
    --branch-x: 79vw;
    --branch-y: 39vh;
    --diff-h: 102px;
    --disp-h: 188px;
    --beam2-max: 58vw;
    --diff-max: 74vw;
    --disp-max: 64vw;
  }

  .spectral-fx {
    z-index: 2;
    opacity: 0.9;
    mix-blend-mode: screen;
  }

  .spectral-beam {
    height: 4px;
    opacity: calc(0.32 + var(--section-boost) * 0.38);
  }

  .spectral-diffraction {
    opacity: calc(var(--diff-alpha) * (0.4 + var(--section-boost) * 0.3));
  }

  .spectral-dispersion {
    opacity: calc(var(--diff-alpha) * 0.56);
  }

  .spectral-peaks {
    opacity: calc(0.18 + var(--section-boost) * 0.2);
  }

  .site-header {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  }

  .brand-main {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
  }

  .brand-sub {
    display: none;
  }

  .nav {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    gap: 0.9rem;
    overflow-x: auto;
    scrollbar-width: none;
    -ms-overflow-style: none;
    white-space: nowrap;
    padding-bottom: 0.15rem;
  }

  .nav::-webkit-scrollbar {
    display: none;
  }

  .nav a {
    font-size: 0.76rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  }

  .header-cta {
    display: none;
  }

  .header-intern-btn {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    padding: 0.4rem 0.75rem;
  }

  .admin-fab {
    right: 0.8rem;
    bottom: 0.9rem;
    min-width: 74px;
    height: 2.15rem;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
  }

  .split,
  .gallery-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .gallery-modal-images {
    max-height: none;
  }

  .spectral-dispersion {
    width: calc((0.02 + var(--diff-p)) * 26vw);
    height: 104px;
  }

  .spectral-diffraction {
    width: calc(var(--diff-p) * 38vw);
    height: 50px;
  }

  .professor-card {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .professor-card img {
    min-height: 280px;
    max-height: 360px;
  }

  .member-card {
    flex-basis: calc((100% - 3rem) / 4);
    min-width: 190px;
  }

  .member-nav {
    width: 2.3rem;
    height: 2.3rem;
  }

  .admin-form-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .alumni-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .pub-entry {
    grid-template-columns: 56px 1fr;
  }

  .pub-entry-media {
    grid-column: 2;
  }

  #research, #professor, #publications, #contact, #members, #gallery {
    scroll-margin-top: 110px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  :root {
    --branch-x: 77vw;
    --branch-y: 43vh;
    --diff-h: 84px;
    --disp-h: 148px;
    --beam-max: 92vw;
    --beam2-max: 56vw;
    --diff-max: 68vw;
    --disp-max: 58vw;
  }

  .spectral-fx {
    opacity: 0.95;
  }

  .section {
    padding: 3.1rem 0;
  }

  /* ── Mobile nav: 2-row layout ──
     Row 1: About · Research · Publications · Professor  (fill line equally)
     Row 2: Members · Gallery  ···  인턴지원 · Contact   (actions right-aligned)
  ── */
  .site-header {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.28rem 0.55rem;
    padding: 0.5rem 0.8rem 0.45rem;
  }

  /* Brand: own row */
  .site-header > .brand {
    flex: 0 0 100%;
    margin-bottom: 0.05rem;
  }

  /* Collapse nav + header-actions into the same flex flow */
  .nav {
    display: contents;
    overflow-x: visible;
    white-space: normal;
  }

  .header-actions {
    display: contents;
  }

  /* Default link style for all nav items on mobile */
  .nav a {
    font-size: 0.67rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    padding: 0.15rem 0;
    white-space: nowrap;
    flex-shrink: 0;
  }

  /* ── Row 1: first 4 nav links each take ~25% → together fill the line
     4 × (25% - 0.42rem) + 3 × 0.55rem(gap) ≈ 100% → Members wraps to row 2. */
  .nav a:nth-child(1),
  .nav a:nth-child(2),
  .nav a:nth-child(3),
  .nav a:nth-child(4) {
    flex: 0 0 calc(25% - 0.42rem);
    text-align: center;
    min-width: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
    font-size: 0.64rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  }

  /* ── Row 2 left: Members, Gallery — larger font + spacing for breathing room ── */
  .nav a:nth-child(5),
  .nav a:nth-child(6) {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    font-size: 0.73rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.07em;
    padding: 0.15rem 0.2rem;
  }

  /* ── Row 2 right: 인턴지원 pushed right via auto margin ── */
  .header-intern-btn {
    margin-left: auto;
    font-size: 0.67rem;
    padding: 0.26rem 0.6rem;
    flex-shrink: 0;
  }

  .header-cta {
    display: inline-flex;
    font-size: 0.67rem;
    padding: 0.24rem 0.55rem;
    flex-shrink: 0;
  }

  /* ── Research Themes mobile: simple vertical card stack, no hover-expand ── */
  .research-cards {
    flex-direction: column !important;
    min-height: 0 !important;
    height: auto !important;
    gap: 1rem;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 0;
    overflow: visible;
  }

  .research-card {
    /* Complete reset: plain flex column card, no grow animation */
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    flex: 0 0 auto !important;   /* disable all flex-grow/shrink including JS inline styles */
    width: 100% !important;
    min-height: 0 !important;
    max-height: none !important;
    height: auto !important;
    min-width: 0 !important;
    border-right: none !important;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14) !important;
    border-radius: 1rem;
    padding: 1.25rem 1.25rem 1rem;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: none !important;
    isolation: auto;
    transform: none !important;
    filter: saturate(1) brightness(1) !important;
  }

  .research-card.is-active {
    filter: saturate(1) brightness(1) !important;
    box-shadow: none;
  }

  /* Image block */
  .research-card .rc-img-wrap,
  .research-card .research-pattern {
    flex: 0 0 200px !important;
    height: 200px !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    min-height: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: 0.5rem;
    opacity: 0.88;
    transform: none !important;
  }

  .research-card .rc-img-wrap img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
  }

  .research-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    order: -1;
  }

  .research-card .card-no {
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    order: -2;
  }

  .research-card .card-hint {
    margin-top: auto;
    padding-top: 0.5rem;
  }

  /* Gallery title centering on mobile */
  .gallery-shell .section-head,
  .gallery-shell .archive-title {
    justify-content: center;
    text-align: center;
  }

  #research, #professor, #publications, #contact, #members, #gallery {
    scroll-margin-top: 140px;
  }

  .professor-metrics {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .card-kor {
    min-height: 4.6em;
  }

  .card-copy {
    min-height: 4.8em;
    max-height: none;
  }

  .pub-head,
  .pub-row {
    grid-template-columns: 56px 1fr;
  }

  .recent-pub-carousel {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0.6rem;
    position: relative;
  }

  .recent-pub-nav {
    display: none;
  }

  .recent-pub-card {
    flex-basis: 84%;
    min-width: 78vw;
  }

  .member-carousel {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0.6rem;
    position: relative;
  }

  .member-nav {
    display: none;
  }

  .member-card {
    flex-basis: 82%;
    min-width: 72vw;
  }

  .recent-pub-carousel::after,
  .member-carousel::after {
    content: "Swipe";
    position: absolute;
    right: 0.25rem;
    bottom: -1.1rem;
    color: #8f9dbb;
    font-size: 0.66rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    pointer-events: none;
  }

  .alumni-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .alumni-photo-wrap {
    height: clamp(130px, 38vw, 180px);
  }

  .pub-entry {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0.55rem;
    padding: 0.9rem 0.2rem;
  }

  .pub-entry-no {
    text-align: left;
  }

  .pub-entry-media {
    grid-column: auto;
  }

  .pub-entry-media img {
    min-height: 170px;
    max-height: none;
  }

  .author-modal-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .author-profile {
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  }

  .author-photo-slot {
    width: min(100%, 110px);
    min-height: 88px;
  }

  .author-photo {
    min-height: 88px;
  }

  .spectral-grating { width: 30px; height: 10px; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .reveal {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: none;
  }

  .member-card {
    transition: none;
  }
}